The first edition was published in 1950. Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development outlined the eight stages Psychosocial Development Article the healthy person goes through. Each stage brings about a crisis that either builds or destroys personality. The theory builds on Freud’s psychosexual stages and incorporates societal influences. The theory has been criticized for its broad interpretations,but it is an essential part of mental thinking. It also played a role in re-thinking the notion of the ages of middle- and late-adulthood,by allowing us to think of them as periods of personal growth instead of just a time to survive.
The first stage,infancy,spans from birth to around 18 months. In this stage,infants are completely dependent on the caregivers. The infant learns to trust their caregivers through being able to observe how they respond to their needs like feeding and comforting. This stage is critical for the development of their self-esteem,as well as their sense of security.
The toddler stage is Erikson’s next stage of psychosocial development. It occurs between the ages of 18 months to 2 years. The child is developing their confidence in their own stage,and the outcome or otherwise of this process can have a significant impact on the development of their personality and growth. Children who are unable to overcome the feelings of shame and doubt will be struggling with these issues throughout their lives. On the other hand,If a child can get through this phase,they will be able to build relationships later on in their lives.
The third stage of Erikson’s theory is preschool that takes place between the three and five years of age. At this stage,children are learning to interact with others and build confidence in themselves. This is the stage when teachers and parents should concentrate on encouraging and positive relationships with their children. Positive interactions are a great way to foster independence in the child,while providing guidance and support to their efforts. The negative behavior,such as the indifference or criticism,can hurt a child’s confidence,as well as self-esteem.
Elementary school is the fourth phase of Erikson’s theories and occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years of age. At this point,that a child begins to feel pressure from other people such as teachers and peers. It is also the time that a child starts to develop their sense of accomplishment or the capacity to put in the effort for targets and achieve. Children who are acknowledged for their efforts and encouraged by their instructors will be able to develop a sense of confidence and not have to compare themselves to others.
At the age of middle-age most people begin to think about their own mortality. Many people feel regret about things they have performed or did not do. Someone who overcomes these challenges will likely have a fulfilling and prosperous retirement. However,if they don’t address these issues then they could experience the onset of a midlife crisis,which could lead to serious mental health issues.
